Corporate Social Responsibility ( Csr ) - 2189 Words

In many cases throughout the business world we are able to observe the common belief that corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a business entity is used among CEO’s as a driving force for business operation and strategy to gain competitive advantage. It has many benefits, including cultivating the wider society through positive externalities, increasing operating efficiency and improving brand image. Yet in contrast, some individuals who belong to the academic world such as Milton Friedman and R. J. Klonoski believe corporate social responsibility to be a â€Å"cloak for actions that are justified on other grounds rather than a reason for those actions† (Friedman, 1970). Throughout this essay we shall explore the ways in which adopting a socially responsible approach to business strategy and operation can affect a businesses ability to maintain competitive advantage in a market and how the adoption of this strategy can lead to a businesses downfall or success. Corporate social responsibility is most commonly defined by the relationship between a business and its stakeholders through the adoption and consideration of ethical, social and environmental concerns. CSR makes businesses accountable for the area around them, which creates the belief that these corporations must spend a considerable amount of time and capital on improving the local labour, environment and infrastructure. Many laws and partnerships are put into place by the government in order to encourage and promoteShow MoreRelatedCorporate Social Responsibility And Csr1566 Words   |  7 PagesSocial responsibility or also called Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)- is the firm’s engagement (voluntarily initiated) in and its compliance (legally mandated) to environmental, social, and governance issues (The Foundation, 2014). Also, is based on stakeholder’s needs being financially sustainable, and CSR can come from both corporate or not-to-profit organizations. CS R has seven categories; Leadership, vision and values; Marketplace activities; Workforce activities; Supply chain activities;Read MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1167 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept which is also known as corporate citizenship, corporate conscience or in a simple way a responsible business. It is an integrated concept of self-regulatory business model for any organisation. Corporate Social Responsibility has been in practice for more than fifty years now, which has been adopted not only by domestic companies but also by transnational company with voluntary CSR initiativesRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Csr1232 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate social responsibility has become a buzzword within the industry in the last few years. Following the financial market crash investors and stakeholders began looking at corporations to act more socially responsible. The meaning of social responsibility differs across regions. Western countries are the ones who are pushing for corporate social responsibility -thesis-- A broad overview at corporate social responsibility (CSR) looks to corporations to make a change in the society or the environmentRead MoreCsr : Corporate Social Responsibility1598 Words   |  7 Pages CSR stands for Corporate Social Responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is defined by many groups like, Tata steel, Coca Cola, Reliance, Videocon etc. Although they all stand for similar meanings connecting to taking responsibilities of the society as a business individual, its definition has been getting broader from a established point of view, corporate social responsibility is a type of business instruction included in a business demonstration. CSR policy functions as a self-regulatoryRead MoreCsr : Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1285 Words   |  6 PagesCSR stands for Corporate Social Responsibility and it is a concept with many definitions and practices and also a buzzword in the media. In general, corporate social responsibility is the policies and progra ms of business corporations which tend to benefit society while improving a corporation’s public image and profitability at the same time. The meaning of it is implemented in different countries and companies differently. Warren Buffet said that it takes 20 years to build a reputation and onlyRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )863 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology in the last century. The term of Corporate Social Responsibility appears more often into public’s concerned and it has become a hot issue in recent years. This essay is going to discuss and provide an overview of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by debate some key issue in this area. 1.2 What is Corporate Social Responsibility? In 1953, Bowen’s Social Responsibility of the Businessman firstly discusses the idea of corporate social responsibility. He states the relationship between societyRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1314 Words   |  6 PagesSocial responsibility has become a primal interest to the humankind for the past two decades. In the earlier days, the firms and organizations concentrated only on the financial part of the business and ignored the ethical, social and moral sectors. But in the recent times, the businesses are getting a grip of the significance of the social, ecological and environmental effects on their success. This has resulted in the emerging interactions between organizations and social segments thus giving riseRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1173 Words   |  5 Pages Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is highly important to Millennials. If a company is lacking a CSR plan, now it a good time to start one. Millennials are looking for ways in making a positive impact on the world and are expecting the same from companies. They are looking for companies that contribute to the betterment of communities and the environment. Millennials put great value in supporting such brands, companies and organizations that share these values. Companies without a CSR in placeRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Csr979 Words   |  4 PagesThe notion of Corporate Social Responsibility is a phenomenon globally known for many years. In spite of the fact that CSR has been neglected for quite a long time, nowadays several authors deal with this issue, as revealed by the development of theories in recent years concerning the topic. In spite of the fact that there has been a huge growth of literature it is still impossible to simply define CSR. Many definitions trying to capture the concept of CSR exist, but their content varies (MattenRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1370 Words   |  6 Pagesmore attention on the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The core issue is the appropriate responsibility of business. In as much as firms ought to obey the law, but beyond complete compliance with environmental laws, the question is whether firms have extra social responsibilities to commit part of their resources to environmental preservation voluntarily. This memo provides an exploratory investigation of the link between corporate social responsibility and the benefits accruing to a

Deconstruction of Leadership (1662 words) Essay Example For Students

Deconstruction of Leadership (1662 words) Essay Deconstruction of LeadershipBrian R. NewsomUniversity of CharlestonGSL 510 The Art and Science of LeadershipProfessor Mary Jo Frank, Ph.D. 29 April 2017Many movies have so many different meanings to catch the views attention for certain amount of time. The biggest person grabs your attention is the person who you work for day to day, that person I am talking about is your direct supervisor who is your leadership. You have many different types of leaders that you will come across in your lifetime. Servant Leaders put followers first, empower them, and help them develop their full personal capacities. (Northouse, 2016, p. 225) Being a leader is hard no matter what line of work you are in. Many leaders only know one style because that is what they have been accustomed to over the years and not really exploring many different options that are out there. What Im going to do it take you through a journey of 12 Angry Men and talk about each different leadership style I see throughout the movie from different jurys that are in the movie. Each one displayed a different type of leadership that helps you follow the movie easier. M any of the juries before each one explains their reasons why the verdict should be not guilty everyone already thought he was guilty except one man, his name is Henry Fonda aka Jury number 11. Then Im going to switch to a movie with Robin Williams that plays a school teacher in Dead Poets Society, that wanted to bring back to life an old tradition that he was part of when he went to school there. The movie 12 Angry Men opened up with 12 juries learning about a boy that killed his father and a lot of witnesses heard or saw the boy say and do things after his fathers body hit the floor. During, the first argument Henry Fonda wrote not guilty after the lawyers presented their case because he felt that something did not connect. The other juries were mad when they found out one person said not guilty that meant they had to stay longer and deliberate the case until all parties agreed he was guilty or not guilty. During this stage of the trail I think Henry Fonda used the Trait approaches as mentioned in Northouse. There are many factors that come with the trait approach and I think the one he used to be determination. Determination is the desire to get the job done and includes characteristics such as initiative, persistence, dominance, and drive. (Northouse, 2016 p. 24-25) Henry from the start was someone that knew what he wanted to get out of this trail. In my eyes, he was the one thinking outside the box, he brought up many questions that the lawyers did not bring up in the trail, but they are only allowed to cover and talk about what they heard or saw, they cannot make up their own story. Throughout this journey that Henry Fonda took them on, he told why he believes the boy was innocent. He walked them through many scenarios and his integrity never waved. They are loyal, dependable, and not deceptive. Basically, integrity makes a leader believable and worthy of out trust. (Northouse, 2016, p 25)Henry Fonda took them this journey and never once did he back down. He even allowed them to revote without his vote saying If you all agree that he is guilty then I will change my vote. After the revote one other said not guilty because the leadership I believe that Henry Fonda spoke about and the ideas he brought to the table to open the eyes of the other juries. The huge eye opener is when they started talking about a one and a million chance there was another knife life the one the boy had. Seconds, later Henry Fonda pulls the same knife out and shows everyone and tells them he bought it no more than 6 houses down from where the boy lived on the corner story. Jaws dropped and eyes opened wide wondering how did he get that, is that real? This is the turning point that I believed made the other juries open their eyes and start thinking about other things that they could have missed during the trail and brings me to another leadership approach he used which is called the skills approach. Human skills allow a leader to assist group members in workin g cooperatively as a group and achieve common goals. (Northouse, 2016, p. 45) Henry Fonda used this skill to help all the juries see the new light that was helpful to explain why he said not guilty. The icing on the cake was not told Henry Fonda but the old man that was part of the jury. His story was about the old lady that was across the apartment complex in hers saying she saw it happen. The old man asked how many people say the red marks on the top of the old ladys nose, meaning that her eyesight was not the greatest and she needed to wear glasses to see at a distance. However, on the stand the old lady did not wear glasses during the trail but told the story like it was yesterday what she saw. The old man in the jury used technical skill to point that out. Technical skill is knowledge about and proficiency in a specific type of work or activity. (Northouse, 2016, p. 44) The old man himself did not wear glasses, but ask the jury that did to take his glasses off so everyone could see the red marks on the top of his nose which gives him creditability knowing what to look for. Switching movies, Im going to talk to you about how I believe Robin Williams role in the movie as a Path-Goal Theory leader according to Northouse. Path-goal theory offers a large set of predictions for how a leaders style interacts with followers needs and nature of the task. (Northouse, 2016, p. 135) Robin Williams was a teacher at that school and teachers have a huge impact on students. The way they present themselves, their actions in and out of class and most importantly the material they are presenting to the students. Every teacher has his or her way of getting the student to understand that material that is being covered, but its the way each teacher delivers it is what keeps the students wanting to listen and learn from that teacher. .u54d3ca2b20a9dd4dbe291630d968e345 , .u54d3ca2b20a9dd4dbe291630d968e345 .postImageUrl , .u54d3ca2b20a9dd4dbe291630d968e345 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u54d3ca2b20a9dd4dbe291630d968e345 , .u54d3ca2b20a9dd4dbe291630d968e345:hover , .u54d3ca2b20a9dd4dbe291630d968e345:visited , .u54d3ca2b20a9dd4dbe291630d968e345:active { border:0!important; } .u54d3ca2b20a9dd4dbe291630d968e345 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u54d3ca2b20a9dd4dbe291630d968e345 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u54d3ca2b20a9dd4dbe291630d968e345:active , .u54d3ca2b20a9dd4dbe291630d968e345:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u54d3ca2b20a9dd4dbe291630d968e345 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u54d3ca2b20a9dd4dbe291630d968e345 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u54d3ca2b20a9dd4dbe291630d968e345 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u54d3ca2b20a9dd4dbe291630d968e345 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u54d3ca2b20a9dd4dbe291630d968e345:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u54d3ca2b20a9dd4dbe291630d968e345 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u54d3ca2b20a9dd4dbe291630d968e345 .u54d3ca2b20a9dd4dbe291630d968e345-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u54d3ca2b20a9dd4dbe291630d968e345:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Vietnam3 Persuasive Essay Robin Williams himself went to the same school he is teaching at and was part of a society that was known as Dead Poets Society. This is where they would go read from a book off campus and talk about things and drink. Many people would attend these outings from many different schools and around the area. So, it was a society of many different people who would come together to talk about poetry and write poetry about whatever they felt like. Robin Williams was one teacher that many liked because of his unorthodox teaching methods in a prestigious all boys school. He took time out to get to know all the boys in his class and told them that they can accomplish anything they wanted to do. One student wanted to be an actor and he encouraged him to peruse that. After landing the leading role his father told him, that he no longer could partake in the play. Robin Williams confronted the boy and told him to express to his father what it meant to him being in that play. The boy came back and told Robin Williams that he father was going to let him continue to be in the play, but that was not at all the case. The boy did not ask his father and lied to Robin Williams. After the play the father was mad at the boy for lying and not listening to his instructions and the boy took his own life. Robin Williams lost his job but without leaving and impact on the other boys in the class that you need to be true to yourself and you can accomplish a lot. Robin Williams Im sure did not know what the boy was going to do but he thought everything was ok. You have to be an engaged leader at all times not just when you think it will benefit you. True understand derives from engagement and from the full deployment of ourselves. (Bennis, 2009, p. 41)Meaning that you cannot let your guard down at any time and have to be willing to help everyone not those that you want to. Changing gears from a group of leaders or just one on one to help one another come together as one is a huge accomplishment. But when you have a leader that can articulate and simplify matters for you it makes your job and theirs much easier. Many leaders which they could come together and reach the common goal with their co-workers on a daily basis so do not let anything stop you from reaching your goals as a leader. Keep trying and asking questions is the only way that will help you reach the top of the pyramid and help those under you become just as successful as you are. ReferencesWarrior. (n.d.). Retrieved January 13, 2017, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/warriorWarrior. (n.d.). Retrieved January 13, 2017, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/warriorOlson, A. K., Simerson, B. K. (2015).Leading with strategic thinking: Four ways effective leaders gain insight, drive change and get results; Hoboken, New Jersey. John Wiley Sons, Inc. Porter, M. (1996)What is strategy?Harvard Business Review, November December 1996Wooten, S., Horne, T. (2010). Strategic Thinking: A Step-by-step approach to strategy and leadership; 3rd edition. London, UK: Kogan Page Limited.

Why Content Marketing is a Commitment Not a Campaign

Most marketers today understand the potential power of content to engage potential customers. However, many still underestimate the commitment required to deliver content that their target audience will discover and truly value. Consumers today are exposed to more online content than ever before, so it’s even more challenging to rise above the noise. In order compete in this new digital environment, brands need a long-term content strategy. Free Actionable Bonus: Looking to elevate your content strategy? Get our our complete guide to creating a content strategy, plus a free content planning template and a list of 30+ places to distribute content Content Marketing is Not Advertising Many companies still treat online content as an ad campaign, but the goals of content marketing are completely different. If you expect instant results from online content, you’re approaching it in the wrong way, and this will ultimately harm your brand. Content marketing takes commitment; marketers shouldn’t think about it like an ad campaign. The Problem With Ads The trouble with throwing money at online advertising is that there’s no long-term value for consumers. Ads may deliver short-term gains, but they don’t give consumers the same long-term benefits as quality content. Consumers are no longer comfortable with being interrupted as they search for information online. Ads are a distraction; they remind us of traditional mass media advertising when brands try to convince us to buy things we don’t really want. Unless you run a company with an unlimited ad budget, the most cost-effective way to engage consumers is through content marketing. It gives power to brands of any size to inspire and connect with consumers in a less intrusive way, but in a way that still drives potential leads along the sales funnel toward a sale. In contrast to advertising, content marketing also has the power to develop brand advocates. A loyal following of people who enjoy your content are much more likely to trust your brand and talk about it to others. You may get a sales spike with an ad, but brand advocates can help your business grow for years to come. To remain competitive, modern marketers are abandoning marketing campaigns in favour of constant communication, because consumers want to read or view content when it suits them. They’re searching for solutions to their problems at all hours of the day, from locations all over the world. They want to find answers when they’re ready, and they expect a mix of content, from social media content to more in-depth content like white papers and case studies. As a content marketer, you need to make sure you have a diverse mix of content online, ready and waiting for your next customer. Building Relationships According to Google’s Zero Moment of Truth study, 88 percent of consumers research before they buy, consulting an average of 10.4 sources. So it’s important to start building a body of content that reaches your target audience on the right platforms. The more time potential leads spend engaging with your content, the more knowledge they gain, and they begin to see your company as a credible resource. In time, leads will be ready to take further action, whether it’s downloading gated content or making a call to sales. You have to become the go-to company for knowledge, expertise, and practical solutions. When you build these relationships, the hottest leads will come to you. This route to converting leads may take longer, but in the long run it significantly drives down conversion costs. Patience Rewards Committing yourself to a long-term content strategy is like setting up a savings account; the value may not look like much in the early days, but after a few years you begin to see the impact of your investment. Instead of just looking at sales figures, look at how your older pieces of content are performing in terms of social engagement, search engine rankings, website traffic, and brand loyalty; over time, you should start to see an increasing return on your initial investment. Commit to Content Marketing for Long-Term Success If you want to see the best results from content marketing, you have to commit to it. Don’t worry if you don’t see great results immediately; just focus on delivering valuable content to your audience on a regular basis. American Express’ Open Forum is a great example of a brand doing content marketing right. Its platform enables professionals to share their knowledge and ask for advice, with a team of employees managing conversations and providing information and guidance. It provides value to users without selling their product directly. But helping one user is enough; others will find the advice useful and the effect multiplies over time. You have to be prepared to invest more time in planning your content strategy, but delivering content that really connects with your target audience will help your business over time by decreasing the cost per each conversion. As a marketer, your choice is simple: do you want to solve problems consumers have, or interrupt their online experience with ads? Do you need quality content to support your content marketing? Constant Content connects you with thousands of professional writers able to create articles, ebooks, product descriptions and other assets to tell your brand story, drive SEO and win sales.

Free Essays on American Optimism

American Optimism A man overcoming dire circumstance, including a low income family, working hard at a young age, using every means possible to gain an education, breaking down wall after wall, gaining power and prestige through huge personal sacrifice. The American success story deriving from common people, the average American against all odds becoming the ultimate success story. Guys like presidents, CEO’s, congressman and people of that nature. People that were once among the people now they speak for the people. They rose above to obtain positions of high wealth and extreme power. The â€Å"American Underdog.† I had been taught this my whole life in school, from my parents, from media and everywhere else that had any influence on the way that I thought. If you work hard and continually have high hopes that you will indeed someday be able to become what ever you want. After always being told this I started to think at a very young age that this is probably true. How did all these people that were on television that were in movies and played professional sports get there. They just worked hard kept doing good and eventually got to where they wanted to be. This came in to effect when I realized that my first love of baseball would mean that I would become a major league baseball player and play for the San Francisco Giants. Then I thought, I remember my mom saying something about how much she loved to run track. Hmmm I pondered, why didn’t she become a professional track star? After going outside and playing a game of whiffle ball I had already forgot what I had thought earlier . This might have been my first taste of reality I just failed to realize it. Up until I had graduated high school I hadn’t really thought about anything else I wanted to do, because I had planned on just being a professional sports star, president, or very famous. I still did well in school though making sure that my grades were good... Free Essays on American Optimism Free Essays on American Optimism American Optimism A man overcoming dire circumstance, including a low income family, working hard at a young age, using every means possible to gain an education, breaking down wall after wall, gaining power and prestige through huge personal sacrifice. The American success story deriving from common people, the average American against all odds becoming the ultimate success story. Guys like presidents, CEO’s, congressman and people of that nature. People that were once among the people now they speak for the people. They rose above to obtain positions of high wealth and extreme power. The â€Å"American Underdog.† I had been taught this my whole life in school, from my parents, from media and everywhere else that had any influence on the way that I thought. If you work hard and continually have high hopes that you will indeed someday be able to become what ever you want. After always being told this I started to think at a very young age that this is probably true. How did all these people that were on television that were in movies and played professional sports get there. They just worked hard kept doing good and eventually got to where they wanted to be. This came in to effect when I realized that my first love of baseball would mean that I would become a major league baseball player and play for the San Francisco Giants. Then I thought, I remember my mom saying something about how much she loved to run track. Hmmm I pondered, why didn’t she become a professional track star? After going outside and playing a game of whiffle ball I had already forgot what I had thought earlie r. This might have been my first taste of reality I just failed to realize it. Up until I had graduated high school I hadn’t really thought about anything else I wanted to do, because I had planned on just being a professional sports star, president, or very famous. I still did well in school though making sure that my grades were good...

Global company analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global company analysis - Research Paper Example The launch of the first transistor radio was in the late 1950’s, although it was not the first of its kind to be invented; it was however the first to be marketed out to the general public. Sony corporation has been a publicly traded company since 1958 (Akio Morita 1986). At the beginning they relied heavily on investors to help fund and operate the company. As well as the use of non-traditional marketing tools such as the hiring of regular spokespeople to use Sony products within the general public and asking them to try it. Sony managed to stay ahead of its competition by being the leaders of innovation in the electronic market. They focused their energies on inventing rather than market research, bringing the latest and newest products out on the market before there was a demand for it. Such inventions included the portable cassette player known as the â€Å"walkman†. Besides being well known for its quality in personal recording and storage devices, Sony Corporation is also the leader of quality sound systems used in major motion pictures. It is a well known global company, which offers a variety of products around the world. Sony is subdivided in two sections. The Sony Corporation is the holding and electronics portion of the organization and the Sony Group which is branched out into other sectors, such as computer, motion picture and music entertainment. ... distribution reports showed total revenue of $88,205 billion U.S dollars and according to Forbes, Sony’s current stock exchange rate is $27.58 U.S dollars, which is down by 2.30% since last year. Although the company has seen a decline in overall revenue in 2008, there has been a slow increase in sales in 2010. The sale of video gaming consoles and systems as well as the entertainment industry continues to be the company’s largest source of income. The company’s overall goal is in maintaining their reputation as leaders of technological advancements throughout its global structure. The company was originally founded on the Japanese principals of creating a â€Å"family like† atmosphere by preserving strong relationships between management and the employees. However, as the company expanded its resources on the international scale, keeping in line with the same values and principals becomes a challenge. Akio Morita believes that the only way for a company t o be successful is by its people. (Akio Morita 1986). This is the value that Sony tries to uphold throughout all its global sectors. The Sony Corporation human resources department is actively involved in group wide initiatives to help new recruits as well as existing members in enhancing their abilities and skills in order to become successful within the company. They are continuously working at implementing global strategies in order to maintain a unified goal. The Sony Group’s global initiative in developing business leaders is an important asset to the company’s overall success. In 2008, Sony implemented â€Å"global talent directors† (Sony website), their job is to seek out and train potential recruits into business leaders. To help maintain company unity, Sony also launched a job rotation program. This

Gypsy Fashion Deco Co. The Global Expansion Essay

Gypsy Fashion Deco Co. The Global Expansion - Essay Example The paper "Gypsy Fashion Deco Co. The Global Expansion" discovers the gypsy fashion deco co. and global expansion. GFDC started out as an experimental fashion company already applying its credo. With only a cutter, hi-speed sewer, a contractual bookkeeper and another contractual accountant, it launched a website maintained by an independent web-serving company. Demands grew in about six months so that GFDC had to set up and maintain its own website, as well as cater to its growing clientele. While in its first three months, there were only about two clothe items finished in a day, and there was only a weekly update of website, these have to be changed. Everyday, since it hired additional fashion purchaser, cutters and sewers, as well as a web designer and programmer, there are about 20 solo products made available in the website, so that everyday, the website need to be updated. GFDC was able to cope with this set up until global demands flooded the company. To maintain its ever-grow ing consumer market, GFDC had to set-up country branches, source out more skilled workers, both sewers and cutters, as well as purchasers and fashion designers in its major product destinations London, New York, Shanghai and the Middle East’s Dubai. The internet market had growing demands due to the expansion, and to remain competitive, global delivery and outsourcing became necessary. The management which had grown adept to the small-scale setting is suddenly faced with the dilemma of multifold expansion and to deliver., it has to adopt the enterprise architecture of its information technology system integrating the whole global expansion project into one working dynamic group. Identification of Major Enterprise Architecture Issues Organizational Issues: Organizational, Management, People, Culture Expansion of departments Inter-department cooperation Research and development Data, Information & Knowledge Issues: New system addressing intranet and internet work flow and sharing Standardized design Information Technology Issues: Ease of website update Website potential in attracting consumers Business Process, Policy & Procedure Issues: Corporate strategic plans Extended guiding principles Scope Environmental dynamics Goals and objectives Architecture Issues: Organization structure Business area structure Role players and actors Business rules and commitment Analysis of the Major Enterprise Architecture Issues Schekkerman (2005) acknowledges that enterprise architecture "is about understanding all of the different elements that go to make up the enterprise and how those elements inter-relate," facilitating factual and actual knowledge on the existence of the enterprise and everything that keeps it going. Raines (1997) likewise added that enterprise architecture "is the explicit description of the current and desired relationships among business and management process and information technology. It describes the target situation which the agency wishes to create and maintain by managing its IT portfolio." It was discussed further by Sheckkerman (2005) that by the end of this year (2006), Global 2000 organizations are already expected to have integrated holistic enterprise architecture, enterprise program management, enterprise strategy or planning, and information t

Audio Lingual Method Essay Example for Free

Audio Lingual Method Essay Compare and contrast the Direct Method and the Audio-Lingual Method. (1) Both are oral-based approaches. (2) The Direct Method emphasizes vocabulary acquisition through exposure to its use in situations; the Audio-Lingual Method drills students in the use of grammatical sentence patterns. (3) Unlike the Direct Method, the Audio-Lingual Method has a strong theoretical base in linguistics and psychology. 2- How has the behavioral psychology influenced the Audio-Lingual Method? It was thought that the way to acquire the sentence patterns of the target language was through conditioning—helping learners to respond correctly to stimuli through shaping and reinforcement. (2) Learners could overcome the habits of their native language and form the new habits required to be target language speakers. 3- Define a backward build-up drill (expansion drill). State its purpose and advantages. (1) Definition: The teacher breaks down a line into several parts. The students repeat a part of the sentence, usually the last phrase of the line. Then, following the teachers cue, the students expand what they are repeating part by part until they are able to repeat the entire line. The teacher begins with the part at the end of the sentence (and works backward from there) to keep the intonation of the line as natural as possible. This also directs more student attention to the end of the sentence, where new information typically occurs. (2) Purpose: The purpose of this drill is to break down the troublesome sentence into smaller parts. (3) Advantages: (a) The teacher is able to give the students help in producing the troublesome line. Having worked on the line in small pieces, the students are also able to take note of where each word or phrase begins and ends in the sentence. 4- Define a repetition drill. Students are asked to listen carefully to the teachers model, and then they have to repeat and attempt to mimic the model as accurately and as quickly as possible. 5- Define a chain drill. State its advantages. (1) Definition: The chain of conversation that forms around the room as students, oneby- one, ask and answer questions of each other. The teacher begins the chain by greeting a particular student, or asking him a question. That student responds, and then turns to the student sitting next to him. (2) Advantages: (A) A chain drill gives students an opportunity to say the lines individually. (B) The teacher listens and can tell which students are struggling and will need more practice. (C) A chain drill also lets students use the expressions in communication with someone else, even though the communication is very limited. 6- Define a single-slot substitution drill. State its purpose. (1) Definition: The teacher says a line, usually from the dialog. Next, the teacher says a word or a phrase—called the cue. The students repeat the line the teacher has given them, substituting the cue into the line in its proper place. (2) Purpose: The major purpose of this drill is to give the students practice in finding and filling in the slots of a sentence. 7- Define a multiple-slot substitution drill. State its purpose. This drill is similar to the single-slot substitution drill. The difference is that the teacher gives cue phrases, one at a time, that fit into different slots in the dialog line. The students must recognize what part of speech each cue is, or at least, where it fits into the sentence, and make any other changes, such as subject-verb agreement. They then say the line, fitting the cue phrase into the line where it belongs. 8- Define transformation drill. Students are asked to change one type of sentence into another—an affirmative sentence into a negative or an active sentence into a passive.